The effects of dopamine in the reward pathway were first examined by Eugene Roberts in the 1970s in order to better understand the pathophysiology of
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Cirrhosis is a severe form of liver disease wherein normal liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue (fibrous tissue). What changes occur in cirrhosis? Cirrhosis
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Periodontitis and diabetes are both classified as chronic disorders. Periodontitis is an infection of the gums manifesting in both mild and severe forms, and diabetes
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) afflicts millions of older people the world over, causing functional impairment, loss of time, reduced productivity and immense economic hardship. It also
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Status epilepticus (SE) is a condition in which seizure activity in the brain persists for prolonged periods of time. It is associated with significant mortality
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Applying make-up is an everyday routine for millions of people worldwide. Even if a person only applies make-up once or twice a week, maintaining good
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Physiotherapy (PT) helps to treat injuries, ailments or deformities by employing various methods such as massage, heat therapy, exercises, electrotherapy, patient education, and advice. Credit:
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Norepinephrine, also called noradrenaline, is a catecholamine that acts as both a hormone and neurotransmitter. What is Norepinephrine? Norepinephrine is a strong vasoconstrictor frequently used
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Since brain activity is due to the electrical activity of neurons, extrinsic electrical stimulation as a means of modulating this activity has been long studied
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Physiotherapy (PT) is a healthcare profession, which encompasses various treatment modalities such as massages, heat therapy, exercises, electrotherapy, patient education, and advice for treating an
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