Sarcoidosis Symptoms

The symptoms of sarcoidosis vary significantly between patients due to the size, number and location of the nodules that characterize the health condition. There may be one area of the body that is most affected – usually the lungs and chest area – or several body organs that may lead to specific symptoms.

Some people with the condition do not experience troublesome symptoms, and the diagnosis is made on X-ray findings alone. For other patients, the symptoms may be debilitating and require ongoing management for normal daily activities.

Often symptoms develop over a short period of time and improve spontaneously without treatment, known as acute sarcoidosis. Some patients find that symptoms gradually worsen over time to become more severe, known as chronic sarcoidosis.

General Symptoms

There are some symptoms that affect many patients that are considered general, as they are not linked to the formation of nodules in a particular area of the body. These include:

Fever
Loss of appetite
Weight loss
Fatigue
Depression
Headache

More commonly, specific symptoms develop due to the formation of nodules in specific areas of the body.

Lungs

The lungs are one of the most common areas of the body to lead to symptoms, affecting approximately 9 of 10 people with sarcoidosis. This may present as:

Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
Persistent dry cough
Wheezing
Chest pain
Hemoptysis

Skin

Approximately 25% of patients experience skin changes due to granulomas in or near the skin. This may include:

Erythema nodosum: particularly common rash on shins
Lupus pernio – rash on nose, cheeks, chin or ears
Tender red bumps or patches on skin

Heart

The heart can be affected by nodules forming directly in the heart tissue, or due to changes that arise from nodules in the neighboring lungs. Cardiac symptoms may include:

Bradycardia
Arrhythmia
Enlarged right side of heart (due to lung changes)
Cardiomyopathy

Changes to the heart and cardiomyopathy can lead to potentially fatal outcomes such as heart failure and should, therefore, be established as soon as possible for appropriate management.

Nervous System

Symptoms that may arise as a result of nodules forming in or near nerves may include:

Dysphagia
Drooping of face
Vision problems
Hearing problems
Numbness
Prickling sensation
Meningitis

Eyes

Patients with nodules close to their eyes may experience related symptoms such as:

Uveitis
Red eyes
Painful eyes
Dry eyes
Blurred vision

It is important for patients with sarcoidosis that notice changes in their eyesight to seek medical attention immediately to reduce the risk of lasting damage.

Other Specific Symptoms

According to the location of the granulomas, there are several other specific organs or areas of the body that may be affected. These include:

Lymph glands – swollen lumps under the arms, in the neck or in the groins, which are usually evident on with X-ray imaging.
Kidneys – increased concentration of calcium in the blood may lead to the formation of kidney stones.
Liver and spleen– enlargement can result in abnormal blood clotting factors and anaemia.
Bones – can be affected by cysts and cause significant pain
Muscles – can become inflamed
Joints – lead to chronic pain in the area

References

http://patient.info/health/sarcoidosis-leaflet
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sarcoidosis/Pages/Introduction.aspx
http://www.healthline.com/health/sarcoidosis#Symptoms2
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sarcoidosis/basics/symptoms/con-20022569
http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/sarc/signs

General Symptoms

Lungs

Skin

Heart

Nervous System

Eyes

Other Specific Symptoms

References

Further Reading

Susan Chow